A Giant Passes
No, not a giant, The Giant.
Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn was born in southern Russia December 11, 1918, shortly after his father had accidentally shot him self in June while loading a hunting rifle. He grew up poor near Rostov-on-Don. After finishing secondary school, he was able to study mathematics and physics, and received a Stalin Scholarship in 1940, while preparing to teach. Solzhenitsyn was conscripted in October 1941. Initially he was assigned to a horse transport unit, but he managed to transfer to the artillery like his father, and was commissioned as a Junior Lieutenant. He served through the war as a forward artillery observer and received a number of medals. In February 1945 he was a Captain fighting on the First Baltic Front in East Prussia, when he was arrested for writing a letter containing a sly reference about “a man with a moustache”. He spent eight years in a number of labor camps until amnestied in 1953 after Stalin’s death.
Even before the war, Solzhenitsyn had been drawn to literature, and now he began to write. In 1962 he, and the world received a lucky break when Khrushchev endorsed publication of his short novel, One Day of Ivan Denisovich, which he hoped would prove useful in his de-Stalinization campaigns against his political enemies. This short book made Solzhenitsyn’s name and fortune, permitting him to publish a series of ever more provocative books, simultaneously introducing the word, Gulag into foreign languages around the world. It is no exaggeration to say that he played at least as great a role as Ronald Reagan in the defeat of communism. Eventually, The Soviets realized he had grown to great to silence or to ignore, and they exiled Solzhenitsyn to the West. Twenty years he lived in America, and though he could have received easy and honored citizenship, he never asked, though not form a lack of gratitude or admiration. In 1994, he returned to a newly liberated Russia. In America he and our regnant Liberals rapidly became disillusioned with each other, particularly after his Address to Harvard. (Some of us knew he was correct at that time, as his has been subsequently proven.) In 1994, Solzhenitsyn was able to return to Russia and did so, even as he still stood against some of the features of the new Russia and kept his distance from the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, widely known as a KGB stooge. He lived, and worked for another fourteen years. He died August 4, 2008.
Even more than a political writer, Solzhenitsyn was a moralist, though in the Christian sense only later. From early years he admired the military virtues - bravery, self-sacrifice, fortitude, camaraderie, stubbornness, and patriotism.) While he admired democracy, it was never as the primary end it itself, but as a means to a greater end. He preferred an orderly and hierarchic society, with respect for individuals and the rule of law. He opposed arbitrary injustice and interference with individuals. He was a firm believer in standing up for one’s rights, and also of doing the right thing. In one of his books a character says that Russia began its long slide downward when they first gave up the half-kopek coin (equivalent to our giving up the penny). In his novel The First Circle, his protagonist voluntarily gives up the sheltered live of a sharashka (a scientific research camp) in exchange for a harsh labor camp, rather than complete a research assignment which would give the KGB new abilities to spy on people.
Solzhenitsyn will also be remembered as one of the greatest stylists and literary craftsmen of Russian literature, fit to stand with Pushkin, Dostoevsky and Tolstoy. Careful with every word, he relied heavily on allegory and symbolism, and frequently revived older Russian proverbs and folk expressions, but could also switch to the blunt language of the street and camps when needed. It is sad that some of his most elegant craftsmanship can only be appreciated by those who know Russian, and some of the details of Soviet history. He is also famed, more in his own land for his short stories, some of which were written before he became famous.
I said one of Solzhenitsyn’s core virtues was patriotism – not particularly Russian nationalism, but in the sense the word may apply to us all. In this sense, it explains why he never claimed American citizenship, but returned to Russia when he could. I give you my own translation of one of Solzhenitsyn’s shortest, but most poignant works, written before 1960.
The Fire and the Ants
I threw onto the bonfire a rotten log, not noticing that it was teeming with ants.
The log began to crackle, the ants poured out and began to desperately to dash about. They ran about the top and writhed, burning in the flames. I took hold and pulled out the log, casting it to the side. Then many of the ants were saved, as they ran onto the sand and the pine needles.
But how strange: they did not flee from the fire.
No sooner had they overcome their terror than they turned about, circled and… Some kind of a force began to draw them back to their forsaken homeland! And there were many who ran back onto the burning log, rushed about on it and perished there.
And the people were amazed!
It is why Aleksandr Isaevich returned to his log. And why many of us veterans remain on our own log.
As Solzhenitsyn’s epitaph, perhaps I can do no better than to paraphrase the close of one of his most famous short stories, Matryona’s House
…He was that one righteous person without whom, as the saying goes, the village cannot stand. Nor the city. Nor the entire land.
-Rurik
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